Plutarch: The Rise and Fall of Athens

Penguin Classics

What makes a leader? How does their character affect the fate of their people? Plutarch illustrates the rise and fall of Athens through nine lives, from the legendary days of Theseus, the city's founder, through Solon, Themistocles, Aristides, Cimon, Pericles, Nicias and Alcibiades, to the razing of its walls by Lysander. Plutarch's real interest is not in the greatness of their victories or achievements but in their moral strengths and failings - and he holds the weakness and ambition of its leaders responsible for the city's fall.